inequality and marriage patterns at the county level in nineteenth-century Prussia. Formally the landed elite could have inuenced … not only the labor relations with the peasants but also their marriage decisions. Using cross-sectional as well as panel … analysis we find no evidence that noble landowners directly affected marriage rates. Instead we find a robust negative …

This is a survey of some of the key studies in the literature on international migration in history that may be … migrations. Here I focus on the period 1850 to 1940 and chiefly on migration from Europe to the New World. The survey is … organised around six themes that include: the forces driving migration, over time and across space; the assimilation of migrants …

Circular migration receives increasing attention due to its empirical relevance and as a policy concept to manage labor … characteristics of circular movers worldwide and investigates the consequences of restrictive migration policies. Recent policy … ; international migration ; remittances …

Despite its importance in global illegal migration, there is little, and mostly theoretical research on human smuggling … interactions in the smuggling market, and, hence, migration flows. We review the theoretical work, point to the scarce empirical … evidence, and identify challenges for future theoretical, empirical work and policy advice. -- illegal migration ; trafficking …

identifies avenues for future research. -- migration ; program evaluation ; immigrant selection ; settlement policy …