effects of migration on the education and health of non-migrant children as well as the labor supply of non-migrant spouses … parental health. Results show that elderly parents receive lower time contributions from all of their children when one child … migrates. -- migration ; left behind ; elderly ; children …

This paper critically reviews what we know about the long-term effects of parental leave and early childhood education … market outcomes of the children whose parents were affected by them, perhaps because benefits are hard to measure or confined … potential benefits. By contrast, expansions of early education generally yield benefits at school entry, adolescence, and for …

aims to answer the questions: What works in terms of early stimulation for young children in developing countries? For whom … and under what conditions do these programs work and why do they work. The report is divided into several sections …. Firstly, a brief discussion of the importance of early stimulation for young children in developing countries is provided …