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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Black Economic Empowerment (“BEE”) is an imperative economic tool that the South African government established to achieve its transformational objectives which are meant to grow the economy, decrease inequalities and create more job and business opportunities for the South...

A new political dispensation in 1994 heralded a period of optimism for many ordinary SouthAfricans, who hoped for freedom and an escape from poverty. Since this transition, however,South Africa has registered steady increases in unemployment, which was already high andwidespread at that stage....

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a declining market trend or bear period on the capital structure of companies listed on the JSE between 1999 and 2003. A significant finding using nonparametric statistical analysis, was that the sector debt-equity ratios had remained...

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Inequality grew substantially not only in many developed countries during the 1980s and 1990s, but also in most developing countries. Across developing and emerging economies, the growth in inequality was more severe in Latin America and Africa compared with many East Asian countries. The...