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and attempts to present the whole picture, providing aconsistent and complete reference for policy makers to refer to as …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009464821
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning framework in which an agent learns a policy from continual interaction with … the environment. A policy is a mapping from states to actions. The agent receives rewards as feedback on the actions … performed. The objective of RL is to design autonomous agents to search for the policy that maximizes the expectation of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009438231
their negative consequences. While the effects of both individual and policy factors on overweight and obesity are far … Korea Health and Nutrition Survey, conducted in 1998 and 2001, and time series data, such as those on imports and prices … investigate behavioral and policy factors related to obesity. Effects of price, income, community characteristics, dietary intake …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009466230
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a key option for economic growth in most, if not all, developing countries. However, not all developing countries are equally open to foreign investment. Some restrict foreign equity, while others encourage multinational corporations to enter their markets....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009468648
To conclude, if the political risk theoretically means anything, it means thinking about thefuture role of Nation-States, of culture, history and geography and market forces in theshaping of the international economic order. In considering the political risks in theirstrategies, MNCs as the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009471812
combination of policy instruments will be more economically efficient than any single strategy in order to correct for multiple …) to compare the cost-effectiveness of individual and combinations of policy instruments. Despite many of the parameter … policy instruments in terms of economic efficiency found in Fischer & Newell (2008). Beginning with the most cost …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009475614
engage in apractice the author identifies as policy shielding, where established policy or law is usedas a barrier from … of these findings is distinct, there is a progressive relationship amongthem. When principals avoid policy shielding, the … policy alone and expending personal time and energy to engage in problemsolving. Because principals make decisions and solve …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009475623
Electricity prices in competitive markets are extremely volatile with salient features such as mean-reversion and jumps and spikes. Modeling electricity spot prices is essential for asset and project valuation as well as risk management. I introduce the mean-reversion feature into a classical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009475776
Electricity prices in competitive markets are extremely volatile with salient features such as mean-reversion and jumps and spikes. Modeling electricity spot prices is essential for asset and project valuation as well as risk management. I introduce the mean-reversion feature into a classical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009475842