Industrialization and development increase the demand for information. Specialization of functions and organization also greatly increases the need for coordination and thus the social returns to and demand for information. Agricultural information systems are useful to 1) the government...

Insurance policies that trigger on county yield and revenue indexes are expected to be more actuarially fair than policies that trigger on individual farm yield and revenue since individual farm hidden actions and hidden information impacting purchase decisions will be built into insurance...

To many people, futures trading is a little understood and rather suspicious activity. The word most often associated with this trading is "speculation", the idea being that most of those involved in futures markets are gamblers in a high stakes game seeking profit at the expense of those...

The commodity-linked bond offers a potential means for producers of primary goods both to raise capital and to hedge against output price risk. Commodity bonds are distinguished from conventional bonds in that their return structure is denominated in quantities of the underlying commodity....

Farmers face many risks which arise from natural, economic and socio-political environments. Risk sharing institutions like national insurance and credit schemes that help reduce the burden of risk to society are weak in Uasin Gishu county. Private sector insurance products are still in their...

As the world's largest carbon resources country with relatively great carbon emission, China in has just started its carbon trade. China is only a passive participant in international carbon trading market, rarely participating in the project of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Therefore,...

A large body of literature studies the issues of the option price and other ex-antewelfare measures under the microeconomic theory to valuate reductions of risks inherentin environment and human health. However, it does not offer a careful discussion of howto estimate risk reduction values using...

Waste generation is a natural and expected outcome of productive activity. Waste is produced, much like any other commodity, although rather than considering waster as a "good" where more is preferred to less, we would tend to consider waste as a 'bad' - less is preferred to more. However, it is...

Industrial waste reduction provides an opportunity to improve environmental quality while reducing industrial costs. Significant evidence exists that firms can realize economic benefits while practicing waste reduction techniques, yet opportunities are being missed by firms due to internal...

Random Utility Models of recreation demand are widely used to relate demand and value to the characteristics of recreation sites. Although some kinds of endogeneity problems have been studied in previous literature, no study has addressed the potential problem with site characteristics that are...