corruption, unstable economic policies, weak and poorly enforced property rights, and inefficient government institutions. Our …

of offshore entities as an indicator of corruption risk. We find that the number of new shell companies increases by 11 … the award of an exploration licence increases the risk of corruption. Consistent with rent-maximising behaviour, this … association is stronger when the price of oil increases. Our work informs the fight against corruption, proposing greater …

relates to the perception that investors have about the level of risk and/or corruption (or transparency) that characterises … countries. Recent studies suggest that corruption negatively impacts on FDI and may act as a disincentive to investment. By … using information for 97 countries, concerning inward FDI performance and perceived level of corruption, this paper intends …