sources of institutional trajectories of economic development in China, Japan, and Korea. It stylizes the Malthusian-phase of … states of Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Yi Korea by focusing on the way in which agricultural taxes were enforced. It also …

suggests that eliminating these subsidies would result in a welfare gain for China comparable to that of halving its trade …

Latin American countries have lost competitiveness in world markets in comparison to China over the last two decades …, price levels (in PPP), and real exchange rates in relative terms. Due to data restrictions, China's relative exports (to the …