other fields once women's relatively high exit rates from male fields generally are taken into account. -- science and …I use the 1993 and 2003 National Surveys of College Graduates to examine the higher exit rate of women compared to men … from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering …

economics. We found that women in economics were 15% less likely to be promoted to associate professor after controlling for … promotion in other fields including biomedical science, physical science, political science, mathematics and statistics, and …