traditional equilibrium, contraceptives are not used, fertility is high and education and growth are low. At the modern … equilibrium, contraceptives are used, fertility is low and further declining with increasing income, and education and growth are … high. The theory motivates a "wanted fertility reversal": At the traditional equilibrium, men prefer more children than …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

For more than a hundred years, advances in development were associated with decreasing fertility rates. This led to … total fertility rates far below replacement level in most developed countries. However, during the last decade fertility … human development index (HDI) with the total fertility rate (TFR) reverses from negative (increases in HDI are associated …