Compared to the federal government, the average citizen in the U.S. has far greater interaction with city governments, including policing, health services, zoning laws, utilities, schooling, and transportation. At the regional level, it is city governments that provide the infrastructure and...

Urbanization is a defining trait of the 21st century, and cities are decisive for the future of sustainable development. This has been recognized internationally through the definition of a stand-alone goal for sustainable urban development, the SDG 11. Cities represent extremely serious...

We estimate a model of urban productivity in which the agglomeration effect of density is enhanced by a metropolitan area’s stock of human capital. Estimation accounts for potential biases due to the endogeneity of density and industrial composition effects. Using new information on output per...