What effect does the international security environment have on democratization? This paper argues that for militaries … in power, sustained external threats facilitate democratization by credibly assuring the armed forces of continued … political crises over democratization, 2) the degree of the regime’s flexibility towards the opposition, 3) the level of …

regime, though there was little disaggregated information regarding the “democratization shock.” We overcame the data problem … find that labor disputes increased from the year of democratization, 1987, which is consistent with the previous literature …