African-American motorists may adjust their driving in response to increased scrutiny by police. In daylight, when …

known about the effects of private police on crime. The current study examines the relationship between a privately …-funded university police force and crime in a large U.S. city. Following an expansion of the jurisdictional boundary of the private … police force, we see no short-term change in crime. However, using a geographic regression discontinuity approach, we find …

Criminal law enforcement depends on the actions of public agents such as police officers, but the resulting agency … develop an agency model of police behavior that emphasizes intrinsic motivation and self-selection. Drawing on experimental … hire punitive police agents, while providing suspects with strong criminal procedure protections, thereby empowering other …

We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy … consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and …