The political unification of Italy in 1861 led to the establishment of a single market, by removing the trade barriers across the pre-existing states, with a single currency. Market integration was the economic outcome of this process. At the same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large...

The European railway industry continues to undergo reform and liberalization due to European law incentives. Recent events in Italy give the country a special place in this process: a new competitor has commenced operations in the high-speed rail (HSR) market based on a private initiative. This...

In Germany, competitive franchising is increasingly being used to procure passenger railway services that were previously provided by a state monopolist. This paper analyzes 77 tenders that differ with respect to network size, service frequency, contract duration and the proximity to other lines...

In this paper we consider the problem of regulating an open access essential facility. A vertically integrated firm owns an essential input and operates on the downstream market under the roof of a regulatory mechanism. There is a potential entrant in the downstream market. Both competitors use...

In this paper we compare the privatisation and deregulation experience of German railroads with the telecommunications sector. In section 2 the period of nationalisation, legal entry barriers and self-regulation for the German railroad and the telecommunications sector is characterized. Section...

Mit der zum 1. Januar 1994 in Kraft getretenen Bahnstrukturreform wurde der Bahnbetrieb in Deutschland in eine private Rechtsreform überführt. Die neugegründete Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG) wurde in die Sparten Fahrweg, Güterverkehr, Personenfernverkehr und Personennahverkehr unterteilt und von...