: The first is the widespread adoption of telephony; the second is the internet. We study the implications of these changes … in ICT for urban structure. We find robust evidence that increases in the number of telephone lines per capita lead to a … activity in space. The evidence on internet usage is more speculative, although it goes in the same direction. This empirical …

19 countries. Our identification strategy relies on the idea that Internet access is important in the formation of ICT … skills, and we implement instrumental-variable models that leverage exogenous variation in Internet availability across …. Placebo estimations show that exogenous Internet availability cannot explain numeracy or literacy skills, suggesting that our …

technology services; it analyzes the resulting trade barriers. The functioning of the Internet (network structure, allocation of …