results, and verify them empirically, using the example of jueteng, an illegal numbers game in the Philippines. …

The Philippines power sector underwent a substantial and largely complete reform process. Following a severe shortage … National Power Corporation extremely burdensome, the Electric Power Industry Reform Act was passed in 2001. This was intended … to improve the quality of service and reduce power tariffs via the introduction of private participation and competition …

We integrate individual power in groups into general equilibrium models with endogenous group formation. We distinguish … between formal power (the say in group decisions) and real power (utility gain from being in groups). Their values will be … determined as part of the equilibrium. We find that higher formal power does not necessarily translate into higher equilibrium …