success in modern war. Based on a reduced form approach we consider key elements of military theory as factors in the …

international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium with positive war …

In countries where civil war has formally ended, not all refugees return. Nor does emigration come to a halt. Why? We … argue that three specific features of post‐war situations explain the varying levels of outward migration: the quality of … the major drivers of outward migration after civil war. Complementary evidence from the two case studies shows that the …

international actors and donors, showing how these frequently do not distinguish with sufficient clarity between the 'root causes …