This paper analyses the problem membership in the Communal Property Associations that represent beneficiaries in the South African restitution of farmland. The recreation of a recipient communities raises important issues about the meaning of rights, the meaning of community, and the power to...

REDD+, when it officially became part of the international climate agenda in 2007, was an idea about payment to countries and projects for reducing emission from forests, with funding primarily from carbon markets. REDD+ has since become multi-objective; the policy focus has changed from payments...