from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering … rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of … other fields once women's relatively high exit rates from male fields generally are taken into account. -- science and …

economics. We found that women in economics were 15% less likely to be promoted to associate professor after controlling for … promotion in other fields including biomedical science, physical science, political science, mathematics and statistics, and … engineering. We separated the sample by the research intensity of institutions and found suggestive evidence that these results …