possible by ICT, including offshoring, outsourcing, remote work, virtual companies, and platforms. A model illustrates how new … a review of the outsourcing and offshoring literature provides instructive examples of how features of the model will …

This paper analyses the effect of offshoring (i.e., the relocation of activities previously performed in-house to …, we find that offshoring is a rare event: In the sample of firms with 50 or more persons employed, only about 3% of … manufacturing firms and 1% of business service firms have performed offshoring in the period 2014-2016. Second, difference …

This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on labour market inequalities between skill groups based on German … industry level data from 1995 to 2007. Our main findings are the following: First, offshoring is on average biased in favour of … sector, material offshoring, and offshoring to Central and Eastern Europe. Second, we find that the labour market adjusts to …