In this paper we apply the concept of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship to rural Vietnam. The aim is to … evaluate whether opportunity entrepreneurs in rural areas in developing countries have a greater potential to stimulate … endogenous non-farm growth than necessity entrepreneurs. The results show that opportunity entrepreneurs are relatively frequent …

) profitability and debt tax shields are no longer significantly important when entrepreneurs adopt informal debt financing; (ii) high … (iii) while human capital encourages entrepreneurs to obtain more loans, its interaction with institutional quality deters …