This paper studies differences in the motivation to be self-employed between rural migrants and urban residents in …-stage methodology using the 2002 China Household Income Project (CHIP), reveal that rural migrants become self-employed to avoid low … type of employment and residence status) shows that higher hourly wages of paid and self-employed urbanites over migrants …

residents are deemed as relative poor. Although migrants with rural hukou living in urban China were more prone to twice poverty …Using data from the China Household Income Project in 2013 and 2018, this paper studies relative poverty among rural … outspoken in middle and low-ranking cities in 2018. However, rural to urban migrants living in high-ranking cities had a …

household registration (designed to limit domestic migration flows by denying urban public services to migrants with rural …

The paper studies the levels and changes in wage inequality among Chinese rural-urban migrants during 2002-2007. Using … data from two waves of national household surveys, we find that wage inequality among migrants decreased significantly … between 2002 and 2007. Our analysis on the wage distribution further shows that the high-wage migrants experienced slower wage …

, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … provides further empirical evidence on the role of urbanization and government policies in urban poverty. Several conclusions … can be drawn from. First, urbanization has a significant effect on reducing both poverty of rural residents and poverty of …

economic exclusion of immigrants, conceptualized not as labor market outcomes but as relative poverty. This study examines the … relationship between welfare generosity and immigrant poverty across rich western democracies and compares this relationship with … that of native poverty. One publicly held belief is that immigrants disproportionately benefit from welfare generosity …

receiving welfare payments was about twice as high as the respective share for the entire population. Poverty head count rates … (based on a poverty threshold of 50 percent of median equivalent income) clearly increased over this period from about 10 …