principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities included in the UNFCCC. …

and combines it with general equity principles. The procedure selects those "national circum- stances" which are suitable … developed. It is argued that equity-based signals can be a forceful means supporting this process. …

tends to have a detrimental effect on domestic competitiveness, and it leads to an increase in carbon emissions abroad … problems. However, BTA protects domestic competitiveness more effectively, while IET achieves a greater reduction in foreign … competitiveness of noncovered sectors are negative. These two effects constitute the central trade-off in the implementation of both …

, especially in terms of growth and competitiveness. The paper reviews the European experience in order to understand if these … concerns are supported by quantitative evidence. It thus focuses on key economic indicators, such as costs, competitiveness and … European experience shows that the worries about the costs and competitiveness losses induced by climate regulation are usually …

Two main approaches have been implemented in regional CO2 markets to address competitiveness and carbon leakage: output …

, especially in terms of growth and competitiveness. The paper reviews the European experience in order to understand if these … concerns are supported by quantitative evidence. It thus focuses on key economic indicators, such as costs, competitiveness and … European experience shows that the worries about the costs and competitiveness losses induced by climate regulation are usually …

equilibrium model for the global economy we quantify how these protective measures affect competitiveness of US EITE industries …. We find that while protective measures can attenuate adverse competitiveness impacts measured in terms of common sector …-specific competitiveness indicators, they run the risk of making US emission reduction much more costly than uniform emission pricing stand …