This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of competition on firm productivity. Using firm-level observations … from the World Bank Enterprise Survey database, we find a positive and robust causal relationship between our proxies for … competition and our measures of productivity. We also find that countries that implemented product-market reforms had a more …

explain them. We then describe a theoretical framework of endogenous markups, innovation, and competition that can potentially …

Using German establishment data, this paper examines the relationship between product market competition and the extent … of employer provided training. We demonstrate that high product market competition is associated with increased training … except when the competition is so severe as to threaten liquidation to a firm. We take this as evidence of an inverted U …

: competition, business environment, learning spillovers and human capital. Collectively, these drivers account for about a third of …