reform in China that was rolled out between 2004 and 2010 with the explicit intention of shaping youths' ideology. To measure …We study the causal effect of school curricula on students' stated beliefs and attitudes. We exploit a major textbook … its effect, we present evidence from a novel survey we conducted among 2000 students at Peking University. The sharp …

high-school curriculum did not compromise and benefited, on average, students' cognitive skills. However, they also raise … - that compressed the academic-track high school curriculum into a (one year) shorter time span, thereby increasing time of … instruction and share of curriculum taught per grade. Using 2000-2012 PISA data and a quasi-experimental approach, I estimate the …

Do increased instruction hours improve the performance of all students? Using PISA scores of students in ninth grade …) overalmost five years. In the additional time, students are taught new learning content. On average, the reform improves student …-performing students do not benefit, high-performing students benefit the most. The findings suggest that increases in instruction hours …

more demanding curriculum to better serve their most able students, again at the expense of medium ability students. The … adjust their curricula: Less selective public colleges adopt a less demanding curriculum in order to accommodate the influx … of less able students. As we argue in the paper, this adjustment benefits low-ability college students at the expense of …