increased the incidence, intensity and severity of poverty in Nigeria. In addition we find that exposure to violent conflict …

The consequences of successful public health interventions for social violence and conflict are largely unknown. This …-retroviral therapy (ART) to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic - in Africa. To identify the effect, we combine exogenous variation in the scope … violent events in African countries and sub-national regions. The effect pertains to social violence and unrest, not civil war …

re-ignite violence. We study who perceives gains and losses in political representation in Rwanda and Burundi and why. We …The lack of political representation often lies at the origin of identity-based violence, and, when not resolved, can … both countries, we observe a sharp drop in perceived political representation in the run-up to and during violence, and a …

This paper challenges the idea that farmers revert to subsistence farming when confronted with violence from civil war …. Using several rounds of (panel) data at the farm and community level, we find that farmers in Burundi who are confronted … with civil war violence in their home communities increase export and cash crop growing activities, invest more in public …