the banks that they borrow from, we use bank stress tests as exogenous shocks to credit access for hospitals that have …

We provide the first empirical tests for financial protectionism, defined as a nationalistic change in bank's lending … foreigners. We use a bank-level panel data set spanning all British and foreign banks providing loans within the United Kingdom …, foreign nationalised banks seem to have engaged in financial protectionism, while British nationalised banks have not. -- Bank …

foreigners. We use a bank-level panel data set spanning all British and foreign banks providing loans within the United Kingdom …," domestic (British) loans of a bank expressed as a fraction of its total loan activity. We also study effective short …