Regulations of product markets serve legitimate objectives but, when ill-designed, can impose unnecessary restrictions on competition, and therefore on business dynamism, productivity and ultimately well-being. A recent update of the OECD’s Product Market Regulation indicator for Costa Rica...

This paper presents the latest edition of the OECD indicators of product market regulation (PMR), which measure regulatory stance in 35 OECD and 11 non-OECD countries. This update is based on a new methodology, which has been implemented to ensure that the PMR indicators maintain their relevance...

We examine whether impact investing is more effective in fostering business venture success and social impact when investments are directed toward ventures located in disadvantaged urban areas (that is, areas with high crime, unemployment, and poverty) compared to similar investments directed...

Over the past decade, France has substantially eased the burden of anti-competitive regulations and effectively enforced competition law against anti-competitive practices. Various sectors have been opened up more widely to competition, and the powers of the Competition Authority have been...

Using panel data for nearly all service providers in a single industry sector, we examine productivity responses to changes in competition in the United States. The sector offers workplace employee representation through trade union branches which compete with one another for union members whose...

Using panel data for nearly all service providers in a single industry sector, we examine productivity responses to changes in competition in the United States. The sector offers workplace employee representation through trade union branches which compete with one another for union members whose...

Der Beitrag untersucht den physischen und digitalen Zugang zu Finanzdienstleistungen der öffentlich-rechtlichen Sparkassen in Deutschland, um zu beurteilen, ob die durch den Filialrückbau bewirkte reduzierte Präsenz in der Fläche durch digitale Angebote kompensiert werden kann. Die physische...

Der Beitrag untersucht den physischen und digitalen Zugang zu Finanzdienstleistungen der öffentlich-rechtlichen Sparkassen in Deutschland, um zu beurteilen, ob die durch den Filialrückbau bewirkte reduzierte Präsenz in der Fläche durch digitale Angebote kompensiert werden kann. Die physische...

We study changes in markups across 72 product markets from 2006 to 2018. A growing literature has documented a rise in markups over time using a production function approach; we instead employ the standard microeconomic method, which is to estimate demand and then invert firms' first-order...

This paper seeks to understand the extent financialisation has had an impact on the rental housing market in Berlin. Specifically, it focuses on the financialisation of non-financial rental housing companies. The financial statements of five large, publicly listed, commercial rental housing...