Bottom-up optimization models neglect the inclusion of investment behavior We introduce three investor types that differ in their investment cost specifications, financing costs, and discounting. This leads to a substantially different pace and rate of adoption for specific generation...

Conventional wastewater treatment plants consume significant amounts of electricity. The constant aeration of the wastewater in order to foster the growth of microorganisms or the pumping of wastewater are two examples for energy-intensive processes within a plant. Case studies have shown that...