experiences a higher competitive pressure on price since low-quality consumers are more price sensitive and switch more easily to … consumers are less likely to switch to the low-quality product. …

includes a share of the consumers in the market around one of the firms. Data are never sold exclusively. Despite the data are … to its competitors. Such market outcome is not socially optimal, and a regulator that aims to maximise consumers and …

If producers have more information than consumers about goods’ attributes, then they may use non-price (rather than … conditions. Although consumers should be indifferent between equivalent changes in goods' prices and quantities, empirical … evidence suggests that consumers often respond differently to price changes and equivalent quantity changes. We offer a …

pricing but also alters firms’ strategic incentives. We show that exclusive access to a list of consumers can provide … lists of consumers, exclusive data availability intensifies market competition. …