The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions … funds accumulated by 2019, an amount equivalent to 20 per cent of Chile's GDP. We estimate here the impact of those … pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases …

In Hungary, initial pensions are indexed to average net wages, reported by official earnings statistics (ES), which … regarding the path of net wages and implied (hypothetical) initial pensions. The main implications of this exercise are the …

average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing … replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute … much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of …