The dominance of multinational firms with developed global scanning capacities for sourcing and marketing in the early 1970s has led people to consider if the product life cycle approach to international manufacturing and marketing is still valid. The usefulness of this approach is examined by...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of operational property asset management in Scottish Councils and the extent to which this achieves best value. Appropriate criteria for evaluating asset management effectiveness include the effective use of capital resources,...

Purpose – To report on initial work carried out on a Metadata Options Appraisal undertaken for the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park in the context of plans to create and manage complex digital objects called Interpretive Journeys, PDA‐based multimedia guides to Park tours....