. Estimates of a trade balance model for Canada, China, Japan, and the USA reveal that the effects are indeed asymmetric. The … paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on linear and nonlinear ARDL … level are highly recommended for future research. Originality/value – This is the first paper that applies nonlinear ARDL …

model for exports and the one for imports are each derived from a 4 × 4-vector-error correction model in which one co-integration …

. , 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from …

cointegration method of ARDL approach. The empirical findings of this study are vital for policy makers of China in the formulation …, growth‐led import and foreign deficit sustainability hypothesis in the case of China, using annual time series data from 1978 … level of integration and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long run …

saisonalen Kointegration im Rahmen eines multivariaten Fehlerkorrekturmodells angewendet, das neben den Investitionen die Exporte …-seasonal adjusted data from 1968 to 1989. The empirical analysis is based on cointegration techniques using the multivariate error … investment series. Given this result, the evidence for cointegration relationships at the seasonal frequencies is rather weak …