Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the background to the development of the World Towns’ Framework, developed in June 2016 at the inaugural World Towns Leadership Summit in Scotland. The paper also provides an academic underpinning to the four pillars of the agreement; a unique...

This article considers the implications of the introduction of legislation enabling the creation of the US concept of business improvement districts (BIDs) into the UK. Based on the US experience, it can be argued that local networks of small and medium‐sized retailers can benefit from...