In the last decade the industrial landscape and regulatory structures of the network industries such as telecommunications, energy and rail transport, have undergone a profound transformation. Liberalization has fragmented the former natural monopoly sectors; new players with new preferences...

Der Jurist ist im Umgang mit Unsicherheit vor besondere Schwierigkeiten gestellt: Sein Instrumentarium ist weitgehend darauf ausgerichtet, mit statischen Situationen aufgrund einer präzisen Entscheidungsregel umzugehen. Unsicherheit und Risiko aber erlauben zunächst keine Präzision und keine...

The article analyses the development of the national policies in both countries targeted to bringing renewable energy technologies onto the respective electricity market. Commencing with the empirical finding that in the course of the 1990s Germany proved to be more successful than the United...

This paper compares two instruments for implementing producer responsibility for used cars. The German regulatory solution, relying on take-back obligations for producers, free for the last holder, is contrasted with a rule of partial cost recovery. It is shown that the cost-recovery rule saves...

The provision of utilities for all at an affordable price has long been regarded as a prerequisite for everyday life, generally guaranteed by the state. But in recent years, publicly-owned utilities throughout Europe have come under increasing fire for their poor performance - their lack of...

In some industries, monopoly is natural. One provider can serve the relevant demand cheaper than two or more firms. If the monopoly is not contestable, i.e. not controlled by a credible threat of entry, regulation is necessary. The essential facilities doctrine is one such regulatory tool. It...

The liberalisation and privatisation of network utilities lead to the establishment of regulatory regimes. On the national level, regulatory regimes not only include a highly visible single regulatory body, they also combine three institutions: a sector-specific regulatory agency, a ministry and...

Do financial market analysts use structural economic models when forecasting exchange rates? This is the leading question analysed in this apper. In contrast to other studies we use expectations instead of realised data. Therefore we analyse the implicit structural models forecasters have in...