Who is a worker in EC law? In its case law the Court of Justice has long developed a definition of worker in relation to nationals of the Member States. This jurisprudence has later been applied to worker clauses in EC agreements with third countries. However, the secondary legislation adopted...

A cap on greenhouse gas emissions makes total emissions a fixed common-property resource. Population increases under a cap are therefore self-limiting: a population increase raises labor and reduces emissions per unit of labor, which lowers incomes and fertility. Because a marginal birth under a...

In the framework of a new money market econometric model, we assess the degree of precision achieved by the European Central Bank (ECB) in meeting its operational target for the short-term interest rate and the impact of the U.S. sub-prime credit crisis on the euro money market during the second...

This paper assesses the sources of volatility persistence in Euro Area money market interest rates and the existence of linkages relating volatility dynamics. The main findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, there is evidence of stationary long memory, of similar degree, in all series....

In the paper we investigate the empirical features of euro area money market turbulence during the recent financial crisis. By means of a novel Fractionally Integrated Heteroskedastic Factor Vector Autoregressive model, we find evidence of a deterministic level factor in the EURIBOR-OIS (OIS)...

The European Community (EC) is currently negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with several groups of developing countries. An element which the EC Commission likes to highlight is the objective of sustainable development. This article analyses the potential of this ‘presiding...

This article addresses the impact of the current economic downturn on innovation across Europe. Using micro and macro data we investigate to what extent some structural characteristics of National Systems of innovation, along with demand, affect firms' persistency in terms of innovation...

The potential mutation of the Sub-Prime banking crisis into a sovereign debt one in Euro area countries is investigated. After reviewing the criteria used to measure the debt vulnerability, the balance sheet approach (BSA) is presented in order to illustrate the potential connections between...

The United States is at the crossroads in determining future energy policy needs. This is a daunting task considering the U.S. consumes nearly 21 million barrels of oil per day. In turn this places pressure on policymakers to offset this overwhelming dependence by seeking mitigation mechanisms...