There are a number of C-containing entities which can donate electrons. The C atom of the CN - anion contains a lone pair which can be transferred to a Lewis acid. Even if the acid molecule is anionic, short-range attractive forces can overcome the long-range ion-ion repulsion to approach close...

Denitrification is an important step in domestic wastewater treatment, but providing bioavailable electron donors is an expense. However, some industrial wastewaters contain organic compounds that could be a no-cost electron donor. In this work, quinoline was used as an electron donor to drive...