patent their inventions, the pro-patent movement has shaped innovation in the United States since 1980.While these pro … patenting and licensing on biomedical innovation.Finally, a model is developed and estimated using data from the 1994 Carnegie … patenting stimulates genuine innovation in the very industries (such as semiconductors) that have spawned such concerns.In spite …

highlights critical issues for the political economy of innovation and presents a review of empirical studies that show that data … adoption has no benefits because there are no positive effects on internal technological innovation, nor reduction of the …