This article is discussing comparative approaches to the definitions of the e-commerce and e-payment. The international taxation systems, direct and indirect taxation, entity isolation and “arm's length principle” applied to entity isolation problem, resident-based and source-based taxation,...

This paper offers an historical, economic, constitutional, and contextual survey of the New Zealand tax system. The focus is on income tax, but the paper also briefly describes the “goods services tax”, the name given to the New Zealand value added tax. The focus is on domestic taxation, but...

This Handbook entry presents a conceptual, normative overview of the subject of taxation. It emphasizes the relationships among the main functions of taxation -- notably, raising revenue, redistributing income, and correcting externalities -- and the mapping between these functions and various...