health improvements, which we estimate at 1.82 years of quality-adjusted life. However, these were roughly offset by … health by way of behavioral improvements and public health are possible …

. While economists and public health scholars realize the independent effects social capital and stringent public health rules … prevention, where public health measures are more stringent, and where there are higher levels of social capital. We estimate … important role in the spread and prevention of infectious diseases independent of formal, governmental public health responses …