-private partnerships of German Development Cooperation with private foundations and private companies around an agriculture-based supply …-food cash crop, the revenues it generates can boost food security among smallholders via the income channel and can also promote … impact assessment is needed and this must be adapted to the especially complex conditions of African smallholder agriculture. …

. Smallholders who have worked on large-scale farms also show greater levels of cooperation than those who have no such work … externalities on cooperation, which are likely to be driven by increased exposure to more market-oriented forms of agriculture. …

In light of the surge in large‐scale farms in developing countries, concerns have been raised that smallholders may be … large‐scale farms and smallholders. First, we analyse the geographical contexts of wards that host large-scale farms and …-in-differences approach to estimate the impacts of large‐scale farms on smallholders’ area cultivated, maize yields, and access to fertiliser …