This study presents a concise analysis of the macroeconomic developments in four cohesion countries (CCs) Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, from 1960 to 2000. Special attention is being paid to the economic performance of these countries after their accession to the European Union (EU). The...

Sustainable growth in catching-up countries requires the widening of the foreign trade bottleneck. It is however not clear whether two prescriptions aiming at solving this problem greater exchange rate flexibility and the liberalization of the capital market, are in reality not contradictory....

The very basis of macroeconomics is the circular flow of expenditures and incomes. From this follows the conclusion that it is demand which determines supply and not vice versa. The most paradoxical result of this approach is the hypothesis that investment finances itself by quantity adjustment,...

In a simplified model GDP growth depends on the demand effect of private investment growth and on the growth of the private savings ratio. In a generalized model private investment (IP) has to be supplemented by the trade balance (E) and the budget deficit (D), their sum being termed NPCE...

The author intends to prove that economic policy in Germany after 1979 was opposed to that recommended by Kalecki in his famous 'Three ways to Full Employment' and was responsible for the surge in unemployment. Part I of the paper sketches the theoretical background of Kalecki's recommendations....

New EU Member States booming agro-food trade, Poland ahead (by Zdenek Lukas) Countries covered Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia Topics Agriculture and Food Industry Unit labour costs as a measure of countries¿ competitiveness (by Kazimierz Laski and Roman Römisch) Countries covered...

Thirty years of The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (by Kazimierz Laski) The reform agenda and the Washington Consensus (by John Williamson) 'Last-minute' warnings from Brussels to the acceding countries (by Sándor Richter) Slovenia's accession to the EU fiscal implications...

Austria's economic relations with Russia (by V. Astrov; pp. 1-5) Keywords economic cooperation, neighbourhood policy Countries covered Austria, Russia Topics International Trade and Competitiveness; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Integration The structure of jobs across the EU some...

wiiw Managing Director retires (by Kazimierz Laski, pp. 1-2) Countries covered non specific Topics Other Further expanding agro-food trade of the NMS-4 in Europe (by Zdenek Lukas and Jan Mládek, pp. 3-7) Countries covered Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia Topics Agriculture and Food...