Using thousands of essays written by 11-year-olds in 1969, we construct an index measuring girls' conformity to gender norms then prevalent in Britain. We link this index to outcomes over the life-cycle. Conditional on age-11 covariates, a one standard deviation increase in our index predicts a...

This paper investigates the reversibility of the effects of transport infrastructure investments, based on a programme that removed much of the rail network in Britain during the mid-20th Century. We find that a 10% loss in rail access between 1950 and 1980 caused a persistent 3% decline in...

Innovationspolitik konzentriert sich traditionell auf die Erstellung von Innovationen und somit auf die Angebotsseite. In Deutschland und Europa ist erst in jüngster Zeit eine neue intensive politische Diskussion über Innovationspolitik in Gang gekommen, die die Blickrichtung umkehrt und an...