In the early 1950s, the drive to find a practical solution to European antagonisms led to the construction of the first Common Market at the European scale, between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At the heart of the Coal and Steel Community, was the idea that...

We study shocks to the coal and steel industries to measure the effect of long-term changes in demand for low-skilled workers on welfare expenditures. The coal and steel industries have historically paid high wages to low-skilled men. We find a substantial increase in welfare expenditures in...

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface to the 2011 Edition -- Introduction -- Chapter I: The Planting of the Seed -- Chapter II: Records of Early Growth -- Chapter III: First Furnace and First Railroad -- Chapter IV: Early Records of Jefferson and Walker Counties -- Chapter V: Iron...