Nearly all of this paper consists of statements from the Supreme Court and concerns how they define and identify competitive harm. They stretch from the nineteenth century to the recent past. Most of them are not particularly philosophical but are based on fact findings or allegations in a...

Relying on the extensive analysis of a unique database of all available, 1196 Polish judgments rendered in appeal procedures against the decisions of the Polish competition authority (the UOKiK) applying Articles 101 and 102 TFEU or the national equivalent provisions, the present contribution...

This paper seeks to offer perspectives of the future role of the upper EU Court in competition law matters. It argues first that due to several institutional, substantive and procedural idiosyncracies, the Court's rule-making function will gain further importance. The raft of recent preliminary...

In Austria, the Federal Competition Authority does not adopt its own infringement decisions but needs to apply to the Cartel Court to have a fine imposed or an infringement terminated. For the purposes of Regulation 1/2003, the Cartel Court is therefore designated as a (judicial) national...

This publication (of 251 pages) represents the proceedings of a seminar on judicial enforcement of competition law held at the OECD in October 1996. The proceedings include a background paper prepared by the OECD Secretariat and papers from 24 judges and antitrust enforcers from across the OECD...