We present models that allow the use of unskilled and skilled labor as well as capital and land. Thus agriculture, important in developing countries, can be included as well as two types of labor and a single (or two) type(s) of physical capital. The models are related to the simple 3 x 2...

We examine conditions under which a low cost vertically integrated manufacturer has an incentive to export an intermediate product to its higher cost (vertically integrated) rival rather than to vertically foreclose, fully cutting off supplies. The nature of supply conditions in the importing...

In a world characterized by global competitive market conditions, technological improvements initially localized in one sector of one country cause real income changes at home and abroad, sometimes in paradoxical fashion. A foreign technological advance in the production of a commodity not...

The Jones-Kierzkowski model of global fragmentation of production draws attention to the efficiency of 'service links' connecting 'production blocks' in different countries. Country-specific service links include transport and telecommunications infrastructure and the overall business climate....

We examine conditions under which a low cost vertically integrated manufacturer has an incentive to export an intermediate product to its higher cost (vertically integrated) rival rather than to vertically foreclose, fully cutting off supplies. The nature of supply conditions in the importing...

Competitive International Trade Theory has frequently been criticized for its intensive use of diagrams (as opposed to more formal mathematics, such as calculus and algebra), prompted by its typical use of small dimensional models. This paper selects ten diagrams useful in capturing the essence...

As trade liberalization and the fragmentation of production processes promote greater international exchange of inputs, economists must adjust their thinking on trade issues. Transport costs have plummeted, and the difficulties of communicating between locales half a world apart have practically...