about the effect of the pandemic for longer-term outcomes such as corruption. We look at the historical data on political … and economic crises to assess what we can learn from the long-term effects of past crises on corruption. We hypothesize … corruption. We test our hypotheses using panel data for over 100 countries during the years 1800- 2020. The results suggest …

of offshore entities as an indicator of corruption risk. We find that the number of new shell companies increases by 11 … the award of an exploration licence increases the risk of corruption. Consistent with rent-maximising behaviour, this … association is stronger when the price of oil increases. Our work informs the fight against corruption, proposing greater …

I examine the relationship between democracy and the perceived risk of corruption in a panel of 130 countries. My panel … corruption. My main finding is that democracy significantly reduces the risk of corruption, but only in countries where ethnic … corruption. One explanation for these findings is that the corruption-reducing effect of greater accountability of politicians …