Ã...land, a small autonomous island province of Finland with 28,000 inhabitants, is base for commercial shipping … euros and capital income of 275 million euros (2009). In the same year, gross sales of the shipping sector amounted to more … factor for shipping is the EU-sanctioned system of subsidies for crewing costs that decreases the manning cost of domestic …

This paper examines the need for liner conferences, or cartels, in international shipping, and compares investment in … shipping to investment in housing, an industry which is not usually organized into private cartels. Then the paper discusses … shipping conferences. …

The demolition market assists in balancing the supply and demand in the shipping industry and from that perspective is …

Cyclicality in shipping is inherent. However, the speed and amplitude of market changes, since the fateful collapse of …