This study uses Japanese data to address an important shortcoming of most of the existing literature on credit availability by including a set of unlisted firms (which are the firms most likely to be bank dependent) in the analysis, and by investigating differences between the treatment of...

This paper studies the impact of foreign investment on domestic financial markets. It examines the empirical validity of some protectionist claims used by regulators to restrict foreign investment. These people argue that 1) trading by foreign investors tends to increase market volatility more...

Recent studies have established that the Japanese stock market had a substantial size in the pre-war period, and played an important role in financing economic development. The pre-war stock market in Japan, however, did not achieve its size and status quickly. Indeed, the market capitalization...