A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to classify an out of sample observation vector into either of two regimes. This leads to a procedure for making probability forecasts for changes of regimes in a time series, i.e. for turning points. Instead o maximizing a likelihood, the model is estimated...

In this paper we argue that there are two major explanations to why Swedish forward interest rates have been high and volatile: (i) Investors' fears that the economy will switch to a high inflation regime give rise to a regime shift premium. (ii) Expectations of monetary policy actions amplify...