environment in which the structural and cultural contexts of work and family are radically different from the United States, where …

Norway that allows us to precisely measure birth order effects on IQ. We find a strong and significant effect of birth order … large average effects, birth order only explains about 3% of the within-family variance of IQ. When we control for birth … determined. Also, there is no evidence that birth order effects occur because later-born children are more affected by family …

Norway and focuses on one family characteristic: the effect of family size on IQ. Because of the endogeneity of family size …, we instrument for family size using twin births and sex composition. IV estimates using sex composition as an instrument … show no negative effect of family size; however, IV estimates using twins imply that family size has a negative effect on …

Norway and focuses on the effect of birth order and family size on IQ, an outcome not previously available in datasets of …

Among the perceived inputs in the "production" of child quality is family size; there is an extensive theoretical … literature that postulates a tradeoff between child quantity and quality within a family. However, there is little causal … rich dataset that contains information on the entire population of Norway over an extended period of time and allows us to …

characteristics that are hard to measure like norms and peer effects among teachers and pupils. Furthermore, family background and … primary schools and neighbourhoods on adult educational attainment controlling for family characteristics. Instead of … final educational attainment seem to have been very limited in Norway …